A person is most likely to become pregnant in the middle of their menstrual cycle, which is when the ovary releases an egg in a process called ovulation. The menstrual cycle is the time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next period. The egg can only survive for 12—24 hours after ovulation.
For this reason, it must meet a sperm cell in this time for pregnancy to occur. A person is most likely to get pregnant if they have sexual intercourse in the 3 days before and up to the day of ovulation. Since a person with day cycles typically does not ovulate until around a week after they stop bleeding, they cannot usually get pregnant during their period.
People with shorter menstrual cycles may ovulate closer to their period than people with longer cycles. The wide variation in menstrual cycle length and the timing of ovulation makes it difficult to tell when a person is in their fertile period. Some researchers suggest that having sexual intercourse on the day before ovulation will carry the same chances of getting pregnant as having sexual intercourse multiple random times throughout the menstrual cycle.
The average female will bleed for around 5 days, although it is very common to bleed for shorter or longer periods of time. Doctors generally agree that people are not likely to get pregnant in the days leading up to their period. This is especially true if their periods are regular and they have a day menstrual cycle.
However, given the fluid nature of the fertile window, people who do not want to become pregnant should still use contraception at this time. Sperm cells can only fertilize an egg within a hour window after ovulation.
If a person knows when they have ovulated and counts w days from ovulation, they should no longer be able to get pregnant before their next period. It is, however, possible for a person to get pregnant immediately after their period. This is because sperm can still fertilize eggs for 3—5 days after sexual intercourse. If a person with a short cycle has sexual intercourse right after their period and happens to ovulate early, they may ovulate quickly enough for the egg to connect with sperm cells.
This window lasts a few days before ovulation and ends a day after ovulation. For a woman whose cycle is 24 days, ovulation happens around day 10 and her most fertile days are between days 7 and 10, while someone who has a 35 day cycle will be most fertile between days 18 and Knowing how it changes when ovulation is approaching can be really helpful.
A few days before ovulation the vaginal mucus changes and becomes clear and slippery — a bit like egg white and perfect for sperm to swim along! For people who want to be precise about things, an ovulation predictor kit, available at any pharmacy or supermarket, can be useful. A few days before she thinks she will be ovulate, a woman can test her urine. This method works best for women who have cycles between 26 and 32 days long. There are also computer and smartphone apps you can use to track your cycle.
Take your temperature every morning for several months just after you wake up. Do it before you eat, drink, or do any other activity. Use a special ovulation thermometer or digital thermometer that shows tenths 0. You can take your temperature orally or rectally.
Be sure to use the same location and the same thermometer each time. Leave the thermometer in place for a full 5 minutes. Write down your temperature. Then clean the thermometer and put it away. Any activity can change your basal temperature. Record your temperature on a chart or graph. Use a tracking chart with either Fahrenheit temperatures or Celsius temperatures to keep track of your temperature. Ovulation usually causes your BBT to rise by 0. If you want to become pregnant, have sex every day or every other day from your first fertile day until 3 days after your BBT rises.
If you do not want to become pregnant, do not have sex—or be sure to use another method of birth control—from the end of your menstrual period until 3 days after you ovulate. After your temperature rises and stays high for 3 full days, your fertile days will be over. Your temperature on these 3 days should stay higher than on any of the other days in that cycle. Each day, put one finger into your vagina and write down the amount and color of the mucus, and how thick or thin it is.
Test the "stretchiness" of the mucus by putting a drop of it between your finger and thumb. Spread your finger and thumb apart and see if the mucus stretches. After your period, you will not have much cervical mucus. It will be thick, cloudy, and sticky.
Just before and during ovulation, you will have more cervical mucus. It will be thin, clear, and stringy. It may stretch about 1 in. If you want to get pregnant, have sex every day or every other day from the day you see your cervical mucus becoming clear and stretchable until the day it becomes cloudy and sticky.
Do not test your mucus right after sex. Semen may be mixed with it. If you do not want to get pregnant, do not have sex—or be sure to use another method of birth control—from the day your cervical mucus becomes clear and stringy until the 4th day after it becomes cloudy and sticky.
Another 2-day method of checking your cervical secretions can be done. Every day of your cycle, ask yourself these two questions: Did I have secretions today? Did I have secretions yesterday? For all days that you answer "yes" to one of these questions, it is likely that you are fertile. You can get pregnant if you have unprotected sex. If you answer "no" to both questions on any day, you are not likely to get pregnant. If you are using a home ovulation kit, follow the instructions on the kit exactly.
This method uses some of the other methods all at once to tell you the most fertile days of your cycle. You check your basal body temperature, the changes in your cervical mucus, and a hormone test. You watch for signs of ovulation such as breast tenderness, belly pain, and mood changes. You may have any of the following physical signs of ovulation:. If you do not want to become pregnant, do not have sex—or be sure to use another method of birth control—for 5 days before ovulation may occur and on the day of ovulation.
You may have an unplanned pregnancy using fertility awareness. To use these methods to prevent a pregnancy, do not have sex during the entire time that an egg can be fertilized. This includes the 5 days before ovulation. In most cases, your fertile days start 5 days before ovulation and end on the day of ovulation.
Pregnancy can sometimes occur after ovulation, but it is less likely than in the days before ovulation. If your menstrual cycle is 28 days long, you are most likely to ovulate about 14 to 15 days after menstrual bleeding starts. If you do not want to get pregnant, the calendar method of birth control is not the best choice. This is especially true for women who have short, long, or irregular menstrual cycles. For this reason, the calendar method alone is never advised for birth control. It must be used together with other birth control methods.
The SDM works best for women who have cycles between 26 and 32 days long.
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