Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Indian Ju Dermatol. IJD Livedo reticularis: an update. J Am Acad Dermatol. Livedo Reticularis: A Review of the Literature. Indian Dermatol Online J. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth.
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Thanks for your feedback! Sign Up. What are your concerns? Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Related Articles. The patches often form a pattern that is a net or a web. But what causes mottled skin and how can it be treated? Mottled skin is also known as livedo reticularis.
It can be a standalone condition or a symptom of another disorder. Mottled skin is characterized by purple or reddish patches that cover the legs, arms, or upper body. The exact appearance of these patches can vary. They may appear as follows:. Livedo reticularis as a standalone condition most often affects middle-aged women, according to a study. It may also affect young women and newborn babies. Livedo reticularis commonly affects the skin of the legs.
Lupus is a rare autoimmune and inflammatory condition that may cause livedo reticularis. Lupus is linked to sensitivity to sunlight, which may cause skin rashes. The most recognizable of these is a butterfly-shaped rash on the face. Lupus may also cause mottled skin. Research into lupus is ongoing.
The Indian Dermatology Online Journal notes a link between mottled skin and poor circulation. A lack of oxygenated blood rich in hemoglobin may cause skin discoloration. Rheumatoid arthritis RA is another potential cause of mottled skin.
RA is an autoimmune disease that affects around 1. The primary symptom is inflammation of the joints. RA could also cause dark, patchy, or mottled skin, which may be due to the way the inflammatory condition affects the blood vessels. Antiphospholipid syndrome , also known as Hughes syndrome, is an autoimmune condition that mostly affects young to middle-aged adults. The lupus anticoagulant panel should be ordered in acquired livedo that is not induced by the cold. A palpable site is ideal for a biopsy if present.
The red area may just show non-diagnostic telangiectasia. The central white, ischaemic area may reveal an occluded vessel. Even a large skin biopsy of the centre of livedo racemosa ring may be reported as normal. Multiple biopsies may increase the diagnostic yield. The goal of a biopsy is to obtain samples of the medium vessel found in the deep reticular dermis and subcutaneous fat, which may require a wedge or large punch biopsy for increased yield.
Early signs of vasculopathy in livedo racemosa are lymphocytes and histiocytes attaching to endothelial cells. The cells join with fibrin to occlude the lumen of capillaries lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis.
This should be distinguished from medium vessel neutrophilic vasculitis occurring in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Other capillaries may be dilated, or replaced by scar tissue fibrosis. In some patients, the symptoms may improve spontaneously with age. Rewarming the area in idiopathic cases or treatment of the underlying cause of secondary livedo may reverse the discolouration. Treatment should be directed at treating the underlying disorder causing the livedo reticularis if known.
Treatment with low-dose aspirin, pentoxifylline and other anticoagulants may be recommended in patients with a confirmed occlusive vasculopathy.
Smoking cessation is essential to reduce the risk of associated arterial events such as stroke. Cutis marmorata is usually less evident with age. Over time, in primary livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa, the vessels become permanently dilated, and livedo reticularis becomes permanent regardless of the surrounding temperature. Compression therapy improves blood flow through the veins by applying pressure to the leg by bandaging the lower leg or by wearing supportive socks, stockings or tights.
There are lots of different types of compression therapy so ask your nurse to find something that is right for you. Compression can be a little uncomfortable when you first start treatment but any discomfort should reduce as the swelling goes down. You might find it helpful to take pain killers when you start compression therapy. You could also try this gentle exercise while sitting down: move your feet around in circles, then up and down. This helps get blood back to your heart.
Dowload this page as a pdf to print. Accelerate We have a clear vision at Accelerate — Our vision is to boldly transform chronic wound and lymphoedema care.
And we do this by developing and increasing access to world-class treatments and thinking in chronic wound and lymphoedema care. Contact details hello acceleratecic. The Lindsay Leg Club Foundation Promoting and supporting community based treatment, health promotion, education and ongoing care for people who are experiencing leg-related problems - including leg ulcers and other wound care issues.
Contact details lynn. NHS Choices the official NHS website, which provides vital information and support about leg and foot signs and other symptoms. Haemosiderin — reddish brown staining above the ankle. Skin changes as we get older Haemosiderin staining occurs when red blood cells pass through the smallest blood vessels capillaries. Consider and observe Does your occupation involve you having to stand for long periods, are you tall or do you have a family history of varicose veins or leg ulcers.
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